Rich Web Applications and the Google Web Toolkit

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McDanielCA
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Rich Web Applications and the Google Web Toolkit

#1

Post by McDanielCA »

Rich Web Applications and the Google Web Toolkit was originally posted on the main page of LDSTech. It was written by Aaron LuBean.


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There is little question that the Web browser has become the platform for most software applications. The rich Web applications of today push the envelope of Web browser standards (such as HTML, JavaScript, and CSS). Consequently, software developers are finding it necessary to become browser experts. Fortunately, new technologies are being created to help developers bring rich Web apps to market more efficiently. One such technology is the Google Web Toolkit (GWT).

Evolution in Web Application Development

Web development is moving away from the request/response paradigm of older generation applications. In older apps, the application server generated the “View” in the Model-View-Controller pattern. This led to lots of chattiness between client and server, and consequently poorly performing applications and frustrating user experiences. This has been helped with the advent and use of AJAX, which reduces full-page reloading and promotes richer, thicker clients with less control of the View on the server. Many modern Web apps are stateful clients comprised of HTML, JavaScript, CSS, and AJAX calls to a stateless server which performs CRUD (create, read, update, and delete) operations on the database. GWT is a perfect candidate for developing these types of apps.

Hello GWT

GWT is first and foremost a cross-compiler, taking your Java code and compiling it into compact, optimized, and browser-specific JavaScript. One might think of GWT like a traditional compiler that takes a high-level language and compiles it into binary code that runs on the platform. For GWT, the high-level language is Java, the binary code is JavaScript, and the platform is the Web browser.

To create the user interface, you code in a Java swing-like fashion, with panels and other widgets and event listeners. The JavaScript, HTML, and CSS artifacts can be deployed on any Web server. Developing and debugging a GWT app doesn’t require a JavaScript ninja or an expert in HTML/CSS, though these skills won’t hurt. For those who need to write their own JavaScript or use libraries like Prototype, Dojo, or jQuery, then GWT provides a JavaScript Native Interface (JSNI).

GWT is not so much a framework as it is a toolkit for developing rich Web applications. GWT doesn’t impose the complex lifecycles you find in frameworks like Struts or JSF. GWT is not a widget library, though you can use the provided widget library. You can also use 3rd party libraries, like Ext GWT (Ext-JS), Tatami (Dojo), or SmartGWT. Some wrap existing JavaScript libraries using JSNI, and others are written in Java and compiled to JavaScript.

Because you write Java code with GWT, you can use your favorite Java IDE to debug or refactor. Java coding allows strong typing, object-oriented design patterns and abstractions, and third-party Java libraries. Your code and imported libraries will be compiled to JavaScript and run in the browser. Before you worry about initial download times, note that the GWT compiler will aggressively prune the code down to what is really needed.

Even though the browser side of the application is written in Java, it doesn’t need to talk to a Java application server. In fact, you don’t need to talk to a server at all; you can create offline/detached applications. A GWT app can talk to RESTful or other HTTP-based services, and use JSON, XML, or other message serialization. Developers can also use the GWT-RPC mechanism for browser-to-server communication which requires a Java app server.

Impact at the Church

GWT is provisionally approved for use at the Church and it complements technologies already on the menu. It is currently being used for one project and the engineering teams are considering it for several others. It can be easily adopted because our many Java developers can learn it quickly. Production/support teams don’t have to retool as GWT-based apps are rolled out. For those concerned about support when adopting GWT, Google appears very committed to it. In fact, at Google I/O 2009, their main tech conference, GWT was proclaimed strategic to Google’s offerings.

Future Developments

Improvements in JavaScript performance and support for HTML 5.0 are making it easier to develop rich and responsive apps running in the browser. This can be done without requiring users to download/upgrade proprietary browser plug-ins, like Flex, Silverlite, and JavaFX. Improvements in browsers will only enhance GWT’s ability to create richer user experiences.

GWT is certainly not the be-all and end-all of tools that will help create rich Web apps. On the other hand, Google has done something very compelling that will help developers be more efficient today.

Additional Resources

Aaron LuBean is a senior software engineer for the Church.
dlongmore
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There are other Rich Internet Application solutions

#2

Post by dlongmore »

This one might be unfamiliar here is the USA. But go else where in the world and it is very well known.

http://www.magicsoftware.com/2559-en/uniPaaS.aspx

http://www.magicsoftware.com/709-en/Magic.aspx

In the 1990s, developers utilizing these tools earned Magic Software’s application platform a stellar reputation for efficiency by winning the Droege International Developers Competition five years in a row. Yes this tools has been around and has evolved and it is still viable.

http://unipaas.blogspot.com/2009/06/gre ... tives.html
atticusewig
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Tying to specific browsers ?

#3

Post by atticusewig »

In the article, it says that GWT compiles the Java code
to Javascript tailored for a specific browser.

How many specific browsers does the current church
project using GWT target ?
How does this work out in browser user/market share ?

Unless GWT cross-compiles its Javascript to numerous
browser implementations, it seems that using GWT
might reduce the ability for the software to reach
the widest audience.

- Atticus
alubean-p40
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Specific Browsers

#4

Post by alubean-p40 »

The GWT compiler supports generating specific JavaScript for the most recent versions of Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Safari, and Opera. I would encourage developers to try out GWT and see how it works (http://code.google.com/webtoolkit).

I can't comment on the Church project mentioned in the article, but my experience developing GWT apps has shown that they can easily support a wide audience.
atticusewig wrote:In the article, it says that GWT compiles the Java code
to Javascript tailored for a specific browser.

How many specific browsers does the current church
project using GWT target ?
How does this work out in browser user/market share ?

Unless GWT cross-compiles its Javascript to numerous
browser implementations, it seems that using GWT
might reduce the ability for the software to reach
the widest audience.

- Atticus
rmrichesjr
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#5

Post by rmrichesjr »

With GWT, where is text rendered onto a grid of pixels? Is that done on the server or in the client browser?

With local Java Swing applications, it is useful to invoke Font.getStringBounds() to find out exactly how much space it will take to print a given string. Based on the values returned by that method, it is easy to make sizes of containing boxes and such exactly right, do center justification, etc.. I have yet to see anything in JavaScript that does the equivalent of getStringBounds(). If that were available, it would be a significant help to a couple of pieces of code on the Local Unit Calendar project. There are some differences in font sizes between operating systems. Also, some users tweak browser preferences to specify minimum font sizes, and that can introduce another layer of variation.

If fonts are rendered in the client browser, how does GWT and its generated JavaScript do things like Font.getStringBounds()?

If the fonts are rendered on the server, wouldn't that make copy-and-paste of text impossible?
alubean-p40
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GWT uses browser standards

#6

Post by alubean-p40 »

Since GWT uses browser standards (XHTML, CSS, and Javascript), text rendering happens in the browser. Copy and paste is possible, of course. GWT developers typically use CSS (text and font properties) to deal with font layout and styling. Computing exact string width in pixels might require some advanced JavaScript, which can be integrated into a GWT app using JSNI. The Ext JS library has a utility TextMetrics that might do the trick (see http://extjs.com/deploy/dev/docs/?class ... extMetrics).
rmrichesjr wrote:With GWT, where is text rendered onto a grid of pixels? Is that done on the server or in the client browser?

With local Java Swing applications, it is useful to invoke Font.getStringBounds() to find out exactly how much space it will take to print a given string. Based on the values returned by that method, it is easy to make sizes of containing boxes and such exactly right, do center justification, etc.. I have yet to see anything in JavaScript that does the equivalent of getStringBounds(). If that were available, it would be a significant help to a couple of pieces of code on the Local Unit Calendar project. There are some differences in font sizes between operating systems. Also, some users tweak browser preferences to specify minimum font sizes, and that can introduce another layer of variation.

If fonts are rendered in the client browser, how does GWT and its generated JavaScript do things like Font.getStringBounds()?

If the fonts are rendered on the server, wouldn't that make copy-and-paste of text impossible?
gpsin
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#7

Post by gpsin »

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Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException 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font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]-->[font=&quot]It is very correct that web browser is the most critical platform to be designed and many new innovations are being developed every now and then. Creating user interface with the GWT would be an enriching experience because it is not like one of those older applications. It would lead to better user interaction with the web pages.[/font][font=&quot]
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